DNS is the perfect covert channel for attackers because it is almost always allowed outbound. Tunneling tools encode data in subdomain labels and trick resolvers into carrying payloads through norm...

A single IDS can only see part of the story. Zeek gives you rich protocol metadata and context, while Suricata provides fast signature and protocol anomaly detection. Running both on a single passi...

Creating your own large language model (LLM) is much easier than it sounds. In this guide you’ll train a small model and wire it into a simple chat interface you can run from any terminal. I’ve al...

Never trust user input—sanitize and encode to stop cross-site scripting before it reaches the browser. Date: 2025-08-07 1. Overview Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a client-side code injection vuln...

Understanding the MITRE ATT&CK Framework The MITRE ATT&CK framework is a publicly available knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques based on real-world observations. It was orig...

Segmenting your lab provides a safe sandbox for experimentation without exposing other devices to potential exploits. Setting up a dedicated firewall for your home lab is essential for maintaining ...

Encourage a culture where users verify unusual requests and report suspicious emails without fear of reprisal. Social engineering remains one of the most effective methods attackers use to infiltra...

Successful hunts rely on good visibility—collect logs from endpoints, network devices, and cloud services to piece together an accurate picture. Threat hunting is the process of actively searching ...

Keep your scripts organized and comment your code so that others can understand and maintain them. Bash scripting remains one of the most efficient ways to automate tasks on Unix-like systems. Whet...

After containment and recovery, conduct a thorough post-mortem to learn from mistakes and improve future response efforts. Incident response is the structured approach to handling security breaches...